Rootstock influence on ‘delicious’ and ‘golden delicious’ apple fruit quality at harvest and after storage

The influence of 9 rootstocks (M2, M7, M25, M26, MM104, MM106, MM109, MM111 and seedling) on fruit quality at harvest and after storage of ‘Wellspur Delicious’ (WS) and ‘Goldspur’ (GS), and of 3 rootstocks (M7, M26 and MM106) on fruit quality of ‘Red King Delicious’ (RK) and ‘Golden Delicious’ (GD) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) was evaluated during a 4-year period. Fruits from trees on M26 were larger, developed earlier color and soluble solids (SS), and maintained higher levels of acidity (at harvest and during storage) in comparison with other rootstocks. Fruit from trees on M2 tended to have high SS. Fruit color from trees on MM104, MM106 and MM109 tended to be comparatively poor. There were significant rootstock effects on SS, starch, acidity, color, circumference, weight and box size.     

不同类型甜菜品种根中Mg^2＋-ATP酶活性和产质量的关系

测定不同类型甜菜品种各生育时期根中Mg^2＋-ATP酶活性、可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白含量和产量、含糖率。结果表明，在幼苗期和叶丛繁茂期，Mg^2＋-ATP活性呈先上升后下降趋势，从块根增长期直至糖分积累期，Mg^2＋-ATP酶的活性逐渐增强，并保持在全生育期最高水平。不同类型品种间存在差异，在各生育时期高糖型品种Mg^2＋-ATP酶活性较强。根中Mg^2＋-ATP酶活性与根中可溶性总糖呈正相关，与甜菜根的成熟进程正相关；Mg^2＋-ATP酶活性与可溶性蛋白质舍量呈负相关，对可溶性糖的积累方面，二者的作用刚好相反。高糖型品种的可溶性总糖含量较高．相应的根中蛋白质含量很低。Mg^2＋-ATP酶活性较高．     

紫花苜蓿甘氨酸脱羧酶H-蛋白基因MsGDC-H1功能分析

光呼吸通过清除2-磷酸乙醇酸（2-PG）使氧合光合作用成为可能,该过程对C₃植物至关重要。H-蛋白是光呼吸过程中将甘氨酸转化为丝氨酸的甘氨酸脱羧酶（GDC）的关键组成蛋白之一。本研究克隆了紫花苜蓿MsGDC-H1,该基因编码166个氨基酸,具有1个硫辛酰基附着位点保守结构域和1个N6-硫辛酰赖氨酸保守位点。进化分析表明,MsGDC-H1蛋白与双子叶植物的甘氨酸脱羧酶H-蛋白（GDC-H）亲缘关系近。表达模式分析表明,MsGDC-H1在苜蓿叶中表达丰度高,且受光诱导。为了探究MsGDC-H1基因对拟南芥生长的影响,分别使用光诱导的茎叶特异性启动子ST-LS1和组成型启动子CaMV 35S驱动MsGDC-H1（ST-LS1：：MsGDC-H1; CaMV 35S：：MsGDC-H1）在拟南芥中异源表达。检测过表达植株生物量、淀粉、可溶性糖含量以及光合速率。数据分析显示,CaMV 35S：：MsGDC-H1过表达拟南芥（G系列植株）生长受阻,淀粉含量比ST-LS1：：MsGDC-H1特异性表达拟南芥（GS系列植株）增加了34%~67%,比野生型（WT）增加了7.3%~33.7%;可溶性糖含量比GS系列降低了36%~38%,比WT增加了44.3%~49.7%;与WT相比,GS系列植株生长更快,淀粉含量无显著差异（P>0.05）,可溶性糖含量显著增加（P<0.05）。试验结果表明,MsGDC-H1基因在调控拟南芥光合速率、碳水化合物合成以及生长等方面发挥重要作用,未来可作为提高苜蓿产量的基因工程育种候选基因。     

连花柴芩可溶性粉对鸡风热犯肺证的临床试验研究

【目的】 研究连花柴芩可溶性粉对风热犯肺所导致的鸡发热、咳嗽、食欲减退、口渴喜饮等证候的临床疗效。【方法】 采用鸡传染性支气管炎病毒人工攻毒建立风热犯肺证肉鸡病例模型,将出现典型风热犯肺证临床症状的150只鸡纳入到试验中,并随机分为5组,30只/组,分别为连花柴芩可溶性粉高、中、低剂量组（连花柴芩可溶性粉浓度分别为4、2、1 g/L）,麻杏石甘颗粒药物对照组（1 g/L）,模型对照组,另设30只为健康对照组。除健康对照组和模型对照组外,各试验组连续饮水给药5 d,记录给药前后鸡的精神状态、体温、呼吸道症状、采食及饮水的变化,并检测各组鸡的免疫器官指数、外周血免疫细胞亚群指标,综合考察连花柴芩可溶性粉的临床疗效。【结果】 连花柴芩可溶性粉高、中剂量组对风热犯肺所致的鸡发热、咳嗽的总有效率分别为90.00%和86.66%,显著高于模型对照组（P<0.05）,且对病鸡采食量下降、饮水量增多具有较好的缓解效果（P<0.05）;连花柴芩可溶性粉能提高病鸡免疫器官指数,促进病鸡外周血中CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺ T淋巴细胞增殖,且连花柴芩可溶性粉高、中剂量显著高于模型对照组（P<0.05）。【结论】 连花柴芩可溶性粉对风热犯肺所致的鸡发热、咳嗽、食欲减退、口渴喜饮具有较好的缓解和治疗效果,结合药物量效关系和经济成本等因素综合考虑,推荐连花柴芩可溶性粉临床应用剂量为2 g/L,饮水给药,连用5 d。     

低温驯化的黑荆树悬浮培养细胞中可溶性蛋白质含量变化*

低温驯化能够诱导黑荆树悬浮培养细胞增强抗冻性，ＬＴ５０从－４．３℃下降到－８．２℃。低温驯化诱可溶性蛋白质含量增加，其增加的时间进程与细胞抗冻性发育呈平行关系。环已亚胺抑制可溶性蛋白质含量增加，同时也抑制细胞抗冻性发育。在低温驯化期不同时间加入环已亚胺抑制抗冻性发育，表明低温驯化１０ｄ后抗浆性发育接近完成。糖对增加驯化细胞中可溶性蛋白质有促进作用，加快增加含量的时间进程，但对最终提高蛋白质含量水平     

红檵木叶色变化的生理生化研究

红檵木(Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum)在春季新叶初发时,花红叶红,且叶片红艳可人,具有很高的观赏价值.但随着叶龄的增大,叶色发生较大变化,在初夏叶色变为暗红色,到了盛夏高温季节,叶色几乎变成了绿色,出现了生产上称之的"高温返青"现象.     

在低温锻炼中毛白杨幼苗可溶性总蛋白、RNA、DNA、RNase及抗冻性的变化

低温锻炼不仅提高了毛白杨幼苗存活率和抗冻性以及RNA和可溶性总蛋白的含量 ,降低了RNase活性 ,而且能减轻低温胁迫引起的RNA和可溶性总蛋白含量的下降程度和RNase活性的提高 ,有利于幼苗在恢复过程中RNA和可溶性总蛋白水平的迅速回升以及RNase活性的降低 .进一步研究发现 ,DNA含量无论在低温锻炼中还是在低温胁迫下或是在随后的恢复生长期均保持相对稳定 ;低温锻炼所引起的RNA含量的增加 ,与RNase活性的降低呈明显的负相关 ,与可溶性总蛋白含量的增加以及幼苗抗冻性的提高成正相关 .这表明低温锻炼可能抑制RNase活性 ,有效地促进RNA含量的增加 ,而RNA可能参与了可溶性总蛋白的合成及抗冻性的诱导     

Reactivity of secondary hydroxyl groups in methylβ-d-xylopyranoside toward aβ-o-4-type quinone methide

Methyl-d-xylopyranoside was allowed to react with-O-4-type quinone methide without a catalyst to elucidate the reactivities of secondary hydroxyl groups at the C2, C3, and C4 positions. Benzyl ether-type lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) compounds linked at the C2 and C4 positions were predominant, at a ratio of 23. However, the reactivity of the hydroxyl group at the C3 position was quite low. These results strongly suggest that the reactivity of the C2 hydroxyl group in xylan toward quinone methide intermediate is higher than that of the C3 hydroxyl group during biosynthesis of LCCs.     

A review of the effect of stresses between lifting and planting on nursery stock quality and performance

This paper presents the experimental evidence on the effects of desiccation, low and high temperatures, rough handling, root loss and storage between lifting and planting on plant quality and performance. The review concentrates on the impact of these stresses on outplanting performance; their effect on seedling properties, such as root growth potential and root electrolyte leakage, is also described. Stresses most often happen in combination but there is relatively little information on their interactions. Examples of desiccation plus rough handling, cold storage plus desiccation, frost damage plus freeze storage and the triple stress of desiccation, heating and rough handling are presented. The limited evidence on the cumulative effect of stresses suggests tentatively that damage from rough handling does not accumulate in the same way as damage from desiccation and prolonged storage. Factors affecting stress resistance are briefly reviewed.There are three impediments to producing a critical review of the literature: experimental treatments, particularly of desiccation and rough handling, can rarely be directly compared; the impact of stress treatments can be modified by a large number of factors, and the levels of stress have seldom been quantified in normal forestry practice. The first two problems also make it difficult to formulate general statements concerning critical thresholds for the stresses. However, instruments are now available for measuring and monitoring stresses between lifting and planting and it is, in theory, possible to model the effects of these stresses to take account of the many factors that modify their impact on seedling survival and growth. This offers the possibility of significant improvements in our ability to predict the effect of stresses between lifting and planting on seedling performance.     

波纹杂毛虫综合防治试验

波纹杂毛虫幼虫 [Cyclophragmaundans (walker) ]是马尾松林又一害虫 ,用 2 5 %溴氰菊酯 2 5 0 0倍液、4 0 %氧化乐果80 0倍液、80 %敌敌畏乳油 15 0 0倍液、5 0 %甲胺磷乳油 10 0 0倍液 ,防治效果可达 92 %以上。用 2 5 %溴氰菊酯乳油加白僵菌纯孢子油剂 1∶80采取超轻型飞机超低容量喷雾 ,防治效果可达 95 %以上。在气象条件适宜情况下 (地面温度呈逆增时 ) ,在凌晨施放林丹烟剂加 2ml的 2 5 %敌敌畏乳油 ,用量 15kg·hm-2 ,对 2～ 4龄幼虫防治效果可达 95 %以上。